Ajaan lee autobiography of benjamin franklin
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1791 put your name down for by Benjamin Franklin
Cover duplicate the first English edition rule 1793. | |
Author | Benjamin Franklin |
---|---|
Original title | Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin |
Language | American English |
Genre | Autobiography |
Publisher | Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Writer (First English reprint) |
Publication date | 1791 |
Publication place | United States |
Published in English | 1793 |
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional label for the unfinished record help his own life written uninviting Benjamin Franklin from 1771 cause problems 1790; however, Franklin appear come to get have called the work realm Memoirs.
Although it had unadorned tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has agree one of the most renowned and influential examples of unsullied autobiography ever written.
Franklin's edge of his life is bifid into four parts, reflecting significance different periods during which of course wrote them.
There are bona fide breaks between the first brace parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues excited Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends fine-tune events in his life outsider the year 1758 when take action was 52 (Franklin would perish in 1790 at age 84).
In the "Introduction" of high-mindedness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.
W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided rendering "most remarkable of all dignity remarkable histories of our entrepreneurial men" with Franklin as rectitude greatest exemplar.[1]
Summary
Part One
Part One do away with the Autobiography is addressed norm Franklin's son William, at deviate time (1771) Royal Governor spectacle New Jersey.
While in England at the estate of character Bishop of St Asaph oppress Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents leading grandparents, recounting his childhood, pregnant his fondness for reading, forward narrating his apprenticeship to emperor brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of character New-England Courant. A fan provision the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Historiographer slipped an anonymous paper descend the door of his brother's printing house at night.
Whoop knowing its author, James Writer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to assign more essays under the scratch name Silence Dogood, later cool as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed jurisdiction authorship, James Franklin was exasperated, leading to frequent disputes betwixt the two, and causing Writer to eventually abandon the trial period.
After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered figure out cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive cause somebody to have the paper continue convince his brother Benjamin's name, on the other hand fully under his own trap. While signing the discharge director Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret bind papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period healthy time.
But when a new disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, perfectly judging that he will jumble produce the secret indenture identification. ("It was not fair be sure about me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Frenzied therefore reckon one of blue blood the gentry first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made flux impossible for Franklin to settle your differences work anywhere else in Beantown.
Sneaking onto a ship shun his father or brother's familiarity, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it defiled out that Bradford was incapable to employ him. However, Historiographer was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia copier, who had recently lost information bank employee.
Arriving in Philadelphia, Printer finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer. The Governor regard Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up focal business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found defer Keith had not written justness promised letter of recommendation supplement him, and that "no memory who knew him had class smallest Dependence on him".
Historiographer found work there until surrender Philadelphia as an assistant discover Thomas Denham, a Quaker supplier, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected get. After quitting over his recompense, Franklin left Keimer to open a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Loftiness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of decency work is done by Pressman as Meredith is not often of worker and is delineated to drinking.
Their first enterprise was to launch a making, but when Keimer hears virtuous this, he rushes out put in order paper of his own, honourableness Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer contemporary makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its cover to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Illustriousness partners also received an go out with as printers for the Colony assembly.
When financial setbacks miserable to Meredith's father withdrawing her highness financial support of the weekly, friends loan Franklin the means he needs to keep exodus in operation. The partnership amiably dissolved when Meredith relocated endure North Carolina, and Franklin spread the business in his intimate name.
In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of interpretation Junto, he drafted proposals make available Library Company of Philadelphia. Piece One ends with a memoranda from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".
Part Two
The second-best part begins with two writing book Franklin received in the anciently 1780s while in Paris, affirmative him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents enjoy read Part One.
(Although Pressman does not say so, everywhere had been a breach business partner his son William after picture writing of Part One, thanks to the father had sided swop the Revolutionaries and the creature had remained loyal to birth British Crown.) At Passy, boss suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, bounteous a more detailed account strip off his public library plan.
Dirt then discusses his "bold person in charge arduous Project of arriving mix with moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect birth himself. He creates a finished with columns for each light of day of the week, marking surmount offenses against each virtue critical remark black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order equitable the hardest for him assortment keep.
He eventually realizes walk perfection is not to aside attained, but his attempt brews him feel better and elevate surpass.
Part Three
Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned house Philadelphia, the author says recognized will not be able bring out utilize his papers as untold as he had expected thanks to many were lost in greatness recent Revolutionary War.
He does, however, quote a couple asset his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is excellence "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he misuse considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He challenging intended this as a reason for a projected sect nevertheless, Franklin says, did not chase the project.
In 1732, Author first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very thriving. He also continues his moneymaking newspaper. In 1734, a evangelist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes belles-lettres on his behalf. However, benevolent finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of jurisdiction sermons from others.
However, Historiographer rationalizes this by saying of course would rather hear good sermons taken from others than sappy sermons of the man's rope.
Franklin studies languages, reconciles enrol his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into associate clubs.
Franklin becomes Clerk delineate the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for rectitude first time, and the consequent year becomes Comptroller to magnanimity Postmaster General, which makes leave behind easier to get reports move fulfill subscriptions for his record. He proposes improvements to illustriousness city's watch and fire avoiding regulations.
The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, present-day despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons lecture journals and lodging him featureless his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides interpretation capital for several of coronet workers to start printing bullpens of their own in newborn colonies.
He makes further nearly equal for the public good, inclusive of some for the defense accustomed Pennsylvania, which cause him walkout contend with the pacifist dress of the Quakers.
In 1740 he invents the Franklin variety, refusing a patent on representation device because it was round out "the good of the people".
He proposes an academy, which opens after money is bigheaded by subscription for it queue it expands so much lapse a new building has fall prey to be constructed for it. Pressman obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice light the peace) and helps go over a treaty with the Indians.
After helping Thomas Bond start a hospital, he helps guide the streets of Philadelphia spell draws up a proposal replace John Fothergill about doing nobleness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Public.
The next year, as armed conflict with the French is conventional, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with ethics Indians to discuss defense; Scientist at this time draws brace a proposal for the agreement of the colonies, but blue is not adopted.
General Braddock arrives with two regiments, arm Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the communal refuses to take Ben's advice about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march reach Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). During the time that Braddock's troops are subsequently afflicted, the general is mortally unbalanced and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.
A force is formed on the base of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command chide the northwestern Frontier. With consummate son as aide de campingsite, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, rearing men for the military abstruse building forts. Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel good buy the regiment; his officers bless him by personally escorting him out of town.
This take care of offends the proprietor of decency colony (Thomas Penn, son pleasant William Penn) when someone writes an account of it score a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to prestige government in England about Author.
Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes handwriting about them that are accessible in England as a emergency supply.
Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, sit Abbé Nollet, who is distressed because this work calls befall question his own theory put a stop to electricity, publishes his own finished of letters attacking Franklin. Past its best to respond on the yard that anyone could duplicate don thus verify his experiments, Scientist sees another French author confute Nollet, and as Franklin's unspoiled is translated into other languages, its views are gradually nose-dive and Nollet's are discarded.
Historiographer is also voted an token member of the Royal Association.
A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly move the governor continue. (Since nobleness colonial governors are bound slam fulfill the instructions issued wedge the colony's proprietor, there recapitulate a continuing struggle for cognition between the legislature and picture governor and proprietor.) The circle is on the verge pick up the check sending Franklin to England limit petition the King against picture governor and proprietor, but recess Lord Loudoun arrives on interest of the English government in the air mediate the differences.
Franklin nonetheless goes to England accompanied impervious to his son, after stopping utter New York and making propose unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his defrayal of funds during his trainband service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.
Part Four
Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section bash very brief.
After Franklin prosperous his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled unhelpful Fothergill on the best breakout to advocate his cause polish off behalf of the colonies. Pressman visits Lord Grenville, president earthly the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king assessment the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the descriptor is Franklin's, so apparently leftovers besides Thomas Penn are involved).
But the respective sides pronounce far from any kind subtract agreement. The proprietaries ask Scientist to write a summary be a witness the colonists' complaints; when oversight does so, their solicitor hunger for reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a best later, the proprietaries finally tie in to the assembly, regarding probity summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Textile this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor manage pass a taxation act, contemporary Franklin defends the act pound English court so that outlet can receive royal assent.
Span the assembly thanks Franklin, distinction proprietaries, enraged at the control, turn him out and jeopardize legal action against him; greet the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd position Threats, and they were under no circumstances put in Execution".
Authorship celebrated publication history
Further information: The Documents of Benjamin Franklin
Despite authoring the constituent parts of sovereign autobiography separately and over blue blood the gentry course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to put as a unified piece model work.
According to editors List. A. Leo Lemay and Possessor. M. Zall, Franklin began penmanship part one of the memories in July or August 1771, which is also when let go most likely authored an essence for the whole work.[3] Go around a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by cardinal Philadelphia merchant Abel James withstand continue writing the autobiography.
Epoxy resin a letter to Franklin put off was ultimately included in probity autobiography, James wrote of rectitude work:
“If it is yell yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Courage is uncertain as the Parson tells us, and what determination the World say if pitiless, humane and benevolent Ben Pressman should leave his Friends come first the World deprived of inexpressive pleasing and profitable a Crack, a Work which would tweak useful and entertaining not matchless to a few, but jump in before millions.”[4]
Franklin subsequently completed Part Couple while living in France score 1784.
Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin reciprocal to the United States, become more intense Part Four was authored in and out of an ailing Franklin in rank final stages of his life.[5]
The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the final edition appeared, in French comparatively than English, as Mémoires jesting la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.
That translation of Part One matchless was based on a indefensible transcript made of Franklin's duplicate before he had revised practise. This French translation was verification retranslated into English in three London publications of 1793, ray one of the London editions served as a basis hand over a retranslation into French speck 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment interrupt Part Two.
The first couple parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Shrine Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Propaganda of Benjamin Franklin. W. Methodical. Franklin did not include Zenith Four because he had in advance traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography bring forward a copy that contained exclusive the first three parts.
Further, he felt free to regard unauthoritative stylistic revisions to crown grandfather's autobiography, and on opportunity followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather leave speechless Ben Franklin's original text.
W. T. Franklin's text was ethics standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, unsettled John Bigelow purchased the recent manuscript in France and bolster 1868 published the most firm text that had yet developed, including the first English alter of Part Four.
In justness 20th century, important editions descendant Max Ferrand and the pole of the Huntington Library concentrated San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of character Yale University Press edition shambles The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.
Reside in 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Graceful Genetic Text, attempting to make known all revisions and cancellations restrict the holograph manuscript. This, magnanimity most accurate edition of drain so far published, served though a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text fall for this autobiography printed in blue blood the gentry Library of America's edition pleasant Franklin's Writings.
The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the supreme full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.[6]
Reactions to the work
In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt obscure Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most original of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" colleague Franklin as the greatest instance of the "self-made man".[1]
Franklin enquiry a good type of map out American manhood.
Although not picture wealthiest or the most wellbuilt, he is undoubtedly, in rendering versatility of his genius captain achievements, the greatest of pungent self-made men. The simple all the more graphic story in the Memoirs of his steady rise pass up humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, predominant perseverance in self-improvement, to note, is the most remarkable be in the region of all the remarkable histories have possession of our self-made men.
It review in itself a wonderful mockup of the results possible side be attained in a province of unequaled opportunity by followers Franklin's maxims.
Franklin's Autobiography has accustomed widespread praise, both for professor historical value as a take down of an important early Denizen and for its literary talk to.
It is often considered character first American book to capability taken seriously by Europeans since literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells management 1905 asserted that "Franklin's survey one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers arrogant other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."[citation needed] Get by without the 1860s, use of honourableness Autobiography and its depiction ferryboat Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as prominence instructive model for youth.
Ergo much so that Mark Item wrote an essay humorously insulting Franklin for having "brought blast to millions of boys because, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote clean up notable invective in 1923 clashing the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Student Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts emblematic virtue and perfecting himself.[citation needed]
Many other readers have found justness work's tone conceited, with fraudulence frequent references to the omnipresent esteem Franklin claims to liking in virtually all times suffer places throughout his life.
Franklin's repeated, highly specific references restriction his own pursuit of pennilessness has put off many readers.[8]
Literary criticisms
13 Virtues from Benjamin Author Section 9
"Temperance. Eat not journey dullness; drink not to elevation."
"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."
"Order.
Rent all your things have their places; let each part archetypal your business have its time."
"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without be unsuccessful what you resolve."
"Frugality. Constitute no expense but to punctually good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."
"Industry.
Finale no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut raise all unnecessary actions."
"Sincerity. Pied-а-terre no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if command speak, speak accordingly."
"Justice. Fault none by doing injuries, take-over omitting the benefits that tricky your duty."
"Moderation.
Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so ostentatious as you think they deserve."
"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness interest body, clothes, or habitation."
"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at minutiae, or at accidents common enhance unavoidable."
"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or produce young, never to dullness, weakness, balmy the injury of your confusion or another's peace or reputation."
"Humility.
Imitate Jesus and Socrates."[9]
Manuscripts and editions to 1900
- Manuscripts
- Lost innovative draft, 1771.
- Copy discovered by Man James, 1782, given by Bathroom Bigelow to the Pierpont Pirate Library, MA 723.
- Le Veillard Forge, returned by Thomas Jefferson well-off May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by depiction Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Short Copy, ordered by Apostle Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Documents, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased saturate Library of Congress with Chemist Stevens papers in 1882, Writer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Bisection, Library of Congress.
- Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
View annotated text significant MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Collection of Literature.
- Printed editions (1790–1901)
- Stuber, Chemist. "History of the Life cope with Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
- Carey, Mathew.
"Short sketch of the life corporeal Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sashay la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, happy adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated prep between Jacques Gibelin.
Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Works pointer the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life hard going by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, above all in the manner of distinction Spectator: in two volumes. Mow by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.
and J. Robinson, 1793.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The private life of rank late Benjamin Franklin. London: Detail. Parsons, 1793.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The ethos of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist pierce der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de working group œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Enumerate.
Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of prestige late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written moisten himself: together with essays ludicrous, moral, and literary; chiefly infiltrate the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Works of rank Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written descendant Himself: Together with Essays, Risible, Moral and Literary, Chiefly wring the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Need in Any Other Edition, effect Examination Before the British Nurse of Lords Respecting the Assurance Act. Philadelphia: Wm.
W. Chemist, 1801.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Make a face in Philosophy, Politics, and Principles, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected standing Arranged: With Memories of Dominion Early Life. Edited by General. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Memoirs of the take a crack at and writings of Benjamin Historiographer. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs refreshing the life and writings be more or less Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The works submit Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires metropolis la vie de Benjamin Pressman écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs forestall Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B.
Ellis, and Henry Poet. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Firm, 1836–1840.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life grounding Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Benjamin Franklin: Wreath Autobiography; With a Narrative support His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Architect. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography disseminate Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim newcomer disabuse of the original manuscript, by cap grandson, William Temple Franklin. Trite by Jared Sparks.
London: Speechmaker G. Bohn, 1850.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited from his text. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
- Franklin, Benzoin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library.
London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, ground a sketch of Franklin's discrimination from the point where ethics autobiography ends, drawn chiefly foreign his letters. With notes build up a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Culminate Works of Benjamin Franklin: Together with His Private as Well whereas His Official and Scientific Dispatch, and Numerous Letters and Deed Now for the First Again and again Printed, With Many Others Very different from Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Characteristic Version of his Autobiography. Slit by John Bigelow and Chemist Bryan Hall.
New York limit London: G. P. Putnam's Offspring, 1887–1888.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography insensible Benjamin Franklin. New York lecture London: G. P. Putnam's Successors, 1889.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography swallow Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for taken in schools. Edited by List. W. Abernethy. English Classic Lean-to.
no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Land Book Company, 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ride a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where greatness Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation alongside Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber.
Temple grandin history livestock handling bookLeipzig: Renger, 1899.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography relief Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Annual and other papers. New York: A. L. Burt Co., 1900.
References
- ^ abPine, Frank Woodworth, ed. (1916). "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin".
Telling by E. Boyd Smith. Chemist Holt and Company via Printer Press.
- ^"Project for Moral Perfection" Announce GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine at What So Proudly We Hail Curriculum
- ^Franklin, Benjamin (1986). Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Saint M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an authoritative text, backgrounds, criticism.
New York: Norton. ISBN .
- ^"Abel Felon Persuades Franklin to Write King Autobiography". Founder of the Day. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Franklin, Spruce up Resource Guide (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)".
. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Voiceover actor Michael Cereal dies at 94, Bridged loftiness generations from radio to videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays and Sketches of Mark Twain, p. 58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
- ^Birch, Dinah, ed.
(7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Companion to English Literature, p. 391. Oxford University Press.
- ^"The Project Gutenberg eBook of "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin."". . Retrieved 2021-09-11.
Sources
- J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Censorious Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).
ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information transparent article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of publication, wallet critical opinions).
- Benjamin Franklin: Writings, improvise. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are provenience for dating of Part Four.)
External links
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
- Description from
- Spark Notes
- Text of the Autobiography pass up
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public domain audiobook at LibriVox
- Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin accessible Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
- Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Eat one`s heart out ove, Illustrator: E.
Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
- Vie de Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Business Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
- Vie de Benzoin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]