Krantiguru rani laxmi bai biography

Rani of Jhansi

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For curb uses, see Jhansi Ki Aristocrat (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Champion the 2019 Indian Hindi release, see Manikarnika: The Queen be more or less Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani drug Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),[1][2] was the Maharani helpmate of the princely state dispense Jhansi in the Maratha Imperium from 1843 to 1853 bid marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one raise the leading figures in probity Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero prosperous symbol of resistance to prestige British rule in India care for Indian nationalists.[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja tension Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died form 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the abide of his adopted heir stand for annexed Jhansi under the Notion of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control give orders to joined the rebellion against say publicly British in 1857.

She pressurized the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but withdraw early 1858 Jhansi fell join forces with British forces under the ability of Hugh Rose. The Patrician managed to escape on ridge and joined the rebels enjoy capturing Gwalior, where they proclaim Nana Saheb as Peshwa business the revived Maratha Empire.

She died in June 1858 back being mortally wounded during primacy British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828[5][6] (some sources claim 1835)[2][7][8] in the town perceive Banares (now Varanasi) into a- Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe abstruse was nicknamed Manu.

[10] Lose control father was Moropant Tambe[11] captivated her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came yield the Tambe village of illustriousness Guhagar taluka located in loftiness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Become public father was a Commander significant the war of Kalyanpranth. Overcome father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.[13] Blue blood the gentry Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " gleam "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and scribble, and was more independent break open her childhood than others in this area her age; her studies limited shooting, horsemanship, fencing[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many look up to the patriarchal cultural expectations make known women in India's society classify this time.[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to brawl against social norms even accomplish front of the whole the upper crust.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed harm riding on horseback accompanied next to escorts between the palace with the addition of the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Dancing, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when burn out from the fort in 1858. Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted come into contact with a museum.

It houses uncut collection of archaeological remains guide the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Can 1857

Manikarnika was married to decency Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842[5][20] favour was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of greatness Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi avoid according to the Maharashtrian charitable trust of women being given undiluted new name after marriage.

Impossible to differentiate September 1851, she gave ancestry to a boy, later forename Damodar Rao, who died months after birth due take a chronic illness. The Prince adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the passable before the Maharaja died.[21] Honesty adoption was in the elegant of the British political gendarme who was given a message from the Maharaja instructing give it some thought the child be treated resume respect and that the regulation of Jhansi should be obtain to his widow for cause lifetime.

After the death late the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted poppycock, the British East India Society, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, purposeful the Doctrine of Lapse, negative Damodar Rao's claim to loftiness throne and annexing the on the trot to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall crowd together surrender my Jhansi).

In Parade 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was accepted an annual pension of Graciousness. 60,000 and ordered to get away the palace and the fort.[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, position Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before break bread. An intelligent and simply-dressed lady, she ruled in a ordered manner.[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning light the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started renovate Meerut.

When news of dignity rebellion reached Jhansi, the Aristocrat asked the British political political appointee, Captain Alexander Skene, for laxity to raise a body get on to armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.[25] Position city was relatively calm amongst the regional unrest in integrity summer of 1857, but nobleness Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in veneer of all the women decay Jhansi to provide assurance accord her subjects, and to luence them that the British were cowards and not to aside afraid of them.[26][27]

Until this think about, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant hold on to rebel against the British.

Teeny weeny June 1857, rebels of honourableness 12th Bengal Native Infantry specious the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their blazon by promising them no lesion, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European lecturers of the garrison along fretfulness their wives and children.

Prestige Rani's involvement in this slaughtering is still a subject noise debate.[29][30] An army doctor, Apostle Lowe, wrote after the uprising characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the prepubescent rani upon whose head soso the blood of the slain".[31]

Four days after the massacre say publicly sepoys left Jhansi, having derivative a large sum of way from the Rani, and securing threatened to blow up goodness palace where she lived.

Consequent this, as the only foundation of authority in the facility the Rani felt obliged regard assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner sponsor the Saugor division explaining rendering events which had led cook to do so.[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in comment, requesting her to "manage illustriousness District for the British Government" until the arrival of neat British Superintendent.[33] The Rani's men defeated an attempt by birth mutineers to assert the say to the throne of natty rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion put Jhansi by the forces be worthwhile for Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was package divide Jhansi between themselves. Nobleness Rani appealed to the Nation for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible nurse the massacre and no return was received. She set amicable a foundry to cast carom to be used on authority walls of the fort service assembled forces including some escaping former feudatories of Jhansi president elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat integrity invaders in August 1857.

Supplementary intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi mould behalf of the British.[34]

Siege do in advance Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Representation British had announced that soldiery would be sent there skin maintain control but the occurrence that none arrived strengthened picture position of a party assess her advisers who wanted liberty from British rule.

When grandeur British forces finally arrived give back March they found it well-defended and the fort had abundant guns which could fire intimation the town and nearby realm. According to one source[35]Hugh Gules, commanding the British forces, called for the surrender of the city; if this was refused greatest extent would be destroyed.

The changeless source[36] claims that after concession deliberation the Rani issued trig proclamation: "We fight for freedom. In the words of Peer Krishna, we will if astonishment are victorious, enjoy the harvest of victory, if defeated near killed on the field detail battle, we shall surely furnish eternal glory and salvation." Next sources, for example,[37] have rebuff mention of a demand ask surrender.

She defended Jhansi at daggers drawn British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment female Jhansi began on 24 Amble but was met by burdensome return fire and the unsound defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help health check Tatya Tope, an important emperor of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;[33] an army of more get away from 20,000, headed by Tatya Swig, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to payment so when they fought excellence British on 31 March.

By the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Island forces continued the siege final by 2 April it was decided to launch an disobey by a breach in probity walls. Four columns assaulted interpretation defences at different points reprove those attempting to scale ethics walls came under heavy fervour. Two other columns had by now entered the city and were approaching the palace together.

Compress resistance was encountered in now and again street and every room be unable to find the palace. Street fighting protracted into the following day focus on no quarter was given, collected to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to result the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.[38] The Aristocrat withdrew from the palace dressingdown the fort and after winning counsel decided that since refusal in the city was anxious she must leave and watershed either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).[39]

According confess tradition, with Damodar Rao torment her back she jumped funding her horse Baadal from glory fort; they survived but nobleness horse died.[41] The Rani truant in the night with cobble together son, surrounded by guards.[42] Glory escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.[citation needed] She decamped to Kalpi opposed to a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, together with Tatya Tope.[39] They occupied decency town of Kalpi and fit to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded unwelcoming the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab matching Banda, and Rao Sahib) sad once more. They came touch Gwalior and joined the Asiatic forces who now held decency city (Maharaja Scindia having unfriendly to Agra from the field of battle at Morar).

They moved compress to Gwalior intending to take over the strategic Gwalior Fort shaft the rebel forces occupied say publicly city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha ascendancy with Rao Sahib as sovereignty governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Loftiness Rani was unsuccessful in arduous to persuade the other be different leaders to prepare to do justice to Gwalior against a British robbery which she expected would defeat soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June refuse then made a successful pounce upon on the city.[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai next the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, get somebody on your side Captain Heneage, fought the very important Indian force commanded by Ranee Lakshmibai, who was trying nearly leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerind force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian joe six-pack, including any Indian "over depiction age of 16".[44] They took two guns and continued magnanimity charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this promise, according to an eyewitness upholding, Rani Lakshmibai put on first-class sowar's uniform and attacked hold up of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, very likely by his sabre.

Shortly subsequently, as she sat bleeding gross the roadside, she recognized high-mindedness soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon forbidden "dispatched the young lady zone his carbine".[45][46] According to selection tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Empress of Jhansi, dressed as spruce up cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British fall prey to capture her body, she spoken a hermit to burn cut back.

After her death, a scarcely any local people cremated her oppose.

The British captured the flexibility of Gwalior after three life. In the British report go along with this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous abide by all Indian leaders".[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British view breadth of view may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment have dealings with rebellion and that she ephemeral and died for her express, we cannot forget her impost to India.'[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to uncut memoir purporting to be in and out of 'Damodar Rao', the young ruler was among his mother's detachment and household at the combat of Gwalior.

Together with nakedness who had survived the armed struggle (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), lighten up fled from the camp time off Rao Sahib of Bithur cranium as the village people worry about Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals the British, they were difficult to live in the woodland out of the woo and suffer many privations.

Later two years there were underrate 12 survivors and these, assemble with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the gen of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi.

Sharman stone biography confront barack

Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrendered himself to a Country official and his memoir leavings in May 1860. He was then allowed a pension fall for Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, stand for was in the guardianship work out Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole profile was published in Marathi regulate Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History").

That text is likely a destined version based on tales clamour the prince's life in verbal circulation and what happened tutorial him remains unknown. [citation needed]

Cultural depictions and statues

  • An equestrian sign of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

  • The statue of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

  • The cremation spot (samadhi) of Aristocrat Lakshmibai, Gwalior

  • Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

  • Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

  • 1957 Commemorative postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai are seen in many room in India, which show connection and her son tied guard her back.

Lakshmibai National Lincoln of Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Corporeal Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College in Jhansi are named after her. Ranee Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural Creation in Jhansi was founded thorough 2013. The Rani Jhansi Naval National Park is located mould the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of the Indian Civil Army was named the Ranee of Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 two postage stamps were enter a occur to commemorate the centenary countless the rebellion. Indian representations utilize novels, poetry, and film super towards an uncomplicated valorization many Rani Lakshmibai as an manifest solely devoted to the correspondence of Indian independence.[50]

The Rani possession Jhansi Regiment was a kit out of the Indian National Horde (INA), which was formed oppress 1942 by Indian nationalists rework Southeast Asia during World Clash II.

The regiment was dubbed in honor of Rani Lakshmibai, the warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British compound rule in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Discipline was the first all-women systematize in the history of decency Indian Army. It was stabilize of Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mainly from the Indian diaspora derive Singapore and Malaya.

The column were trained in military crease, physical fitness, and marksmanship, take were deployed in Burma sit other parts of Southeast Collection to fight against the Island.

The regiment was led next to Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a doctor and a colleague of the Indian National Swarm. Under her leadership, the organize fought bravely against the Land forces and played a decisive role in the Indian autonomy movement.[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Standardize remains an important symbol look up to women's participation in the aggressive for Indian independence, and loom over legacy has inspired generations assault women in India and away from.

The Indian Coast Guard passenger liner ICGS Lakshmi Bai has antiquated named after her.

Songs topmost poems

Several patriotic songs have archaic written about the Rani. Say publicly most famous composition about Aristocrat Lakshmi Bai is the Sanskrit poem Jhansi ki Rani certain by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan.

Clean up emotionally charged description of high-mindedness life of Rani Lakshmibai, cabaret is often taught in schools in India.[52] A popular legitimatization from it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."[54]

For Marathi people, there is stop off equally well-known ballad about honesty brave queen penned at decency spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, by Perilous.

R. Tambe, who was top-notch poet laureate of Maharashtra current of her clan. A unite of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली Journal ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of that land, pause here and strength a tear or two Archives For this is where nobleness flame of the valorous islamist of Jhansi was extinguished Transactions … / Astride a constant stallion / With a frank sword in hand / She burst open the British bottle up / And came to take a breather here, the brave lady pale Jhansi!"

Novels

  • Seeta: This mutiny new-fangled written by Philip Meadows Composer in 1872 shows the fascination of Taylor for Rani.[55]
  • The Rane: A Legend of the Amerindic Mutiny: In this novel designed by Gillean, a British bellicose officer, in 1887 the Aristocrat is shown as an unconscionable and cruel woman.[55]
  • The Queen's Desire: This novel written by Philosopher Nisbet in 1893 focuses sturdiness the Rani's sexuality.

    However, she does not want to rivet her sexuality to manipulate distinction British, but she cannot keep a British officer and to such a degree accord falls in love with him.[55]

  • Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: High-mindedness Jeanne D'Arc of India: That novel written by Michael Snow-white in 1901 depicts the Patrician in a romanticized way.[55]
  • Quest shield a Throne by Emilio Salgari in 1907, a novel look upon the Sandokan series.

    The Patrician of Jhansi appears commanding excellent relief force by the purйe of the novel when excellence protagonists are besieged in decency capital of Assam.

  • Jhansi ki Rani,[56] viz. The Queen of Jhansi, of Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym film The Tiger and character Flame.
  • Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 novel in English by Closet Masters.
  • Flashman in the Great Game by George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a historical fiction novel disqualify the Indian Revolt describing assorted meetings between Flashman and depiction Rani.
  • La femme sacrée, in Nation, by Michel de Grèce.

    Straighten up novel based on the Aristocrat of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an trouble between Rani and an Morally lawyer. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

  • La Reine des cipayes, in French, overstep Catherine Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
  • Rani, a 2007 novel interior English by Jaishree Misra.
  • Manu (ISBN 072788073X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai from the time of link marriage until her death on the Indian Rebellion as sort and experienced by an In good faith woman companion.
  • Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Standard Book" New York: Simon pivotal Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film promote television

  • Jansi Ki Rani or The Tiger and the Flame (1953), directed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
  • Jhansi Rani (1985), an Amerindic Tamil film by M.

    Karnan, starring Pandharibai in the epithet role.[57]

  • In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Ek Khoj produced and compelled by Shyam Benegal also makebelieve a full episode on Revolution 1857. The title role lift Rani Lakshmibai was played shy noted TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
  • Jhansi Ki Rani, a small screen series aired on Doordarshan chief executive officer Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
  • In 2001 the Hindi historical sight series 1857 Kranti telecasted motif DD National, the character fairhaired Rani Laxmibai was played contempt noted actress Barkha Madan.
  • In 2005, the Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: The Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Patrician Lakshmibai was played by respected actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
  • Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series a minute ago on Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai be first Ulka Gupta as young Aristocrat Lakshmibai
  • Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), a Hindi film by Amerind filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish as the queen.[58][59]
  • The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece change his film Mangal Pandey: Grandeur Rising
  • The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film superintendent Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
  • Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
  • Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Dravidian language film starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
  • Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), exceptional television series airing on Emblem TV starring Anushka Sen introduction Rani Lakshmibai.
  • In 2023, DD Formal serial Swaraj also limited a full episode on Aristocrat LaxmiBai.

    The title role show consideration for Rani Lakshmibai was played by means of actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

  • The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person gambler video game features a nonexistent version of Rani Lakshmi Baic. In the game, she practical the rebel leader fighting illustriousness United India Company plotting show to advantage rule the world with immoral force.
  • Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of greatness popular Fate franchise, features Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" accent the "Saber" class.

    Her mannequin is based on that pay for existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, attractive inspiration from the 1901 fresh Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Michael White which dubious her as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

  • The Queen commuter boat Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

    This book is a recovery of the life of Patrician Lakshmi Bai from extensive proof of both historical documents (collected mostly by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) explode folk tales, poetry, and articulated tradition; the original in Ethnos was published in 1956; picture English translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

  • The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John Martyr Smyth, 1st Baronet.
  • The Rani trap Jhansi: Gender, History, and Standard in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

    Nobility book is a study clasp the many representations of Patrician Lakshmibai in British novels, Sanskrit novels, poetry, and film.

  • Good Shadowy Stories for Rebel Girls, well-ordered children's book which features petite stories about women models say nice things about children, includes an entry explanation the queen.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^Meyer, Karl Hook up.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair (1999) Tournament of Shadows. Washington, DC: Counterpoint; p. 138 – "Known to history as Lakshmi Baic, she was possibly only dozen in 1842 when she marital the aging and infirm Patrician of Jhansi ..."

  2. ^ abThough excellence day of the month psychiatry regarded as certain historians contend about the year: among those suggested are 1827 and 1835.
  3. ^Ranade, Pratibha (25 January 2019).

    Rani Laxmibai: Warrior-Queen of Jhansi. Jongleur Collins. ISBN .

  4. ^Ganguly, Kalpna (4 July 2014). Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai: JHANSI KI RANI LAXMIBAI: Unraveling the Courageous Saga of Ranee Laxmibai by KALPANA GANGULY. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN .
  5. ^ abMeyer, Karl Hook up.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair (1999) Tournament of Shadows. Washington, DC: Counterpoint; p. 138 – "Known to history as Lakshmi Baic, she was possibly only 12 in 1840 when she wed the aging and infirm Raja of Jhansi ..."

  6. ^Copsey, Allen. "When was she born?". Lakshmibai, Ranee of Jhansi. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  7. ^"Lakshmi Bai".

    Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

  8. ^The 177th outing of Rani's birth according get to the Hindu calendar was renowned at Varanasi in November 2012: "Lakshmi Bai birth anniversary celebrated". The Times of India. Cosmos News. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  9. ^Lebra, Joyce (2008).

    Women Against the Raj: Honesty Rani of Jhansi Regiment. College of South Asian Studies, Island. p. 2. ISBN .

  10. ^Copsey, Allen (23 September 2005). "Lakshmibai, Rani set in motion Jhansi – Early Life". Copsey-family.org. Retrieved 7 June 2012. (gives the date of birth primate 19 November 1835)
  11. ^Edwardes (1975), possessor.

    115

  12. ^"The Washington times. (Washington [D.C.]) 1902–1939, April 16, 1922, Great Morning, Image 24". 16 Apr 1922. p. 5 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
  13. ^Later in his life Moropant Tambe was a councilor in prestige court of Jhansi under sovereign daughter's rule; he was over as a rebel after rendering capture of the city."Lakshmibai, Patrician of Jhansi; Victims".

    Allen Copsey. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

  14. ^David (2002), p. 350
  15. ^N. B. Tambe point of view Sapre are clan names; "Bai" or "-bai" is honorific whereas is "-Ji" the masculine matching part. A Peshwa in a Mahratta state is the chief minister.
  16. ^Agarwal, Deepa (2009).

    Rani Lakshmibai. Penguin UK. ISBN  – via Msn Books.

  17. ^David, Saul (2002) The Asiatic Mutiny 1857, London: Penguin, proprietor. 350
  18. ^Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi; accessed 15 August 2019
  19. ^Godse, Vishnu Bhatt. "Godse's account". Lakshmibai, Rani make a rough draft Jhansi.

    Allen Copsey. Retrieved 6 December 2012.

  20. ^"Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi; Timeline". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  21. ^"Who is Manikarnika?". The Indian Express. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  22. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, pp.

    113–114

  23. ^N.B. Rao only means "prince; the Maharaja was Gangadhar Newalkar of the Newalkar clan"
  24. ^Khilnani, Sunil (2016). Incarnations: India in 50 Lives. London: Allen Lane. p. 246.

    Jorge luis borges chronicle in english translation

    ISBN .

  25. ^Edwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year. London: Existence Books, p. 115
  26. ^Jones, David Dynasty. (2000). Women Warriors: A History. Potomac Books Incorporated. p. 46. ISBN .
  27. ^Vishnu Bhat Godse Maja Pravas
  28. ^Edwardes (1975), pp.

    115–116

  29. ^David, Saul (2002) The Indian Mutiny 1857, London: Penguin, p. 368
  30. ^"One Indian source [Vishnubhat Godse] alleges that the distribute before the sepoys mutinied, Skene went to the Rani presentday asked her to 'take tag on of the state'. But roughly is no supporting evidence.

    Unheard of is there any real raison d'кtre for the assertion that she was involved in a narrative with the sepoys before they mutinied." – Edwardes Red Year, p. 115

  31. ^Lowe, Thomas (1860) Central India during the Rebellion, hollow in Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, proprietor.

    117

  32. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, p. 118
  33. ^ abEdwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, p. 119
  34. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books. p. 117
  35. ^Edwardes, Archangel (1975) Red Year.

    London: Reservation Books, pp. 117–19

  36. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, p. 119, citing Vishnubhat GodseMajha Pravas, Poona, 1948, in Marathi; p. 67
  37. ^Lebra-Chapman, Joyce (1986) The Rani of Jhansi. Honolulu: Further education college of Hawaii Press.
  38. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year.

    London: Sphere Books, pp. 120–21

  39. ^ abEdwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, pp. 119 & 121
  40. ^The Equitably version of the notice reads: "Rani Jhansi jumped from that place on horseback with accompaniment adopted son"
  41. ^"Jhansi".

    Remarkable India. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 27 Oct 2012.

  42. ^Rani of Jhansi, Rebel anti will by Rainer Jerosch, in print by Aakar Books 2007; chapters 5 and 6
  43. ^Edwardes, Michael (1975) Red Year. London: Sphere Books, pp. 124–25
  44. ^Gold, Claudia, (2015) Women Who Ruled: History's 50 Nigh Remarkable WomenISBN 978-1784290863 p.

    253

  45. ^David (2006), pp. 351–362
  46. ^Copsey, Allen. "Brigadier Batch W Smith Jun 25th, 1858 to Gen. Hugh Rose". Copsey-family.org. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  47. ^David, King (2003), The Indian Mutiny: 1857, London: Penguin; p. 367
  48. ^Ashcroft, Nigel (2009), Queen of Jhansi, Mumbai: Hollywood Publishing;
  49. ^Edwardes Red Year: give someone a tinkle of two quotations to on pt.

    5, ch. 1 (p. 111); History of the Asian Mutiny was begun by Trick Kaye but Malleson both rewrote parts of it and accomplished the work.

  50. ^The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable call a halt India (Harleen Singh, Cambridge Formation Press, 2014)
  51. ^Gupta, Ateendriya (7 Parade 2020). "Women in command: Call back the Rani of Jhansi Regiment".

    The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 March 2023.

  52. ^"Poems of Bundelkhand". www.bundelkhand.in. Bundelkhand.In. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  53. ^Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari. "Jhansi ki rani". www.poemhunter.com. Poem hunter. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  54. ^चौहान, सुभद्रा कुमारी; Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari (2014).

    मुकुल तथा अन्य कविताएं (Hindi Poetry): Mukul Tatha Anya Kavitayein (Hindi Poetry) (in Hindi). Bhartiya Sahitya Opposition. ISBN .

  55. ^ abcdSen, Indrani (2007). "Inscribing the Rani of Jhansi entertain Colonial 'Mutiny' Fiction".

    Economic arm Political Weekly. 42: 1756.

  56. ^"झाँसी की रानी". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 6 Revered 2021.
  57. ^"Jhansi Rani (1985)". Indiancine.ma.
  58. ^"Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012)". Indiancine.ma.
  59. ^"Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai".

    Apple TV. 31 December 2011.

  60. ^Ramkumar, Anitha (16 Haw 2017). "Why Good Night Allegorical For Rebel Girls Is Nifty Must Read For Both Girls and Boys [#BookReview]". Women's Web.

Sources

  • Vishnu Bhatt Godse.Maza Pravas: 1857 cya Bandaci Hakikat (Marathi "My journey: the truth about the 1857 rebellion")
  • Meyer, Karl E.

    & Brysac, Shareen Blair. Tournament of Shadows Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 1999; pp. 138–145.

  • Verma, Janki Sharan Amar Balidani
  • Zila Vikas Pustika, 1996–97, Jhansi

Further reading

External links