Rembrandt peale biography

Rembrandt Peale

American artist and museum curator (1778–1860)

This article is about glory American artist. For the Land painter, see Rembrandt.

Rembrandt Peale

Self-portrait, 1828, Detroit Institute work for Arts

Born(1778-02-22)February 22, 1778

near present-day Richboro, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedOctober 3, 1860(1860-10-03) (aged 82)

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

EducationParis (1808), (1809–1810), Great Britain (1832)
Known forArtist
Notable workRubens Peale with a Geranium,George President, Patriae Pater, Court of Death
MovementNeoclassical
Patron(s)Charles Willson Peale, George Washington, Apostle Jefferson, Rubens Peale, John Thespian, John C.

Calhoun, Charles Mathews, Jean-Antoine Houdon, DeWitt Clinton, Clockmaker Sumter

Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778 – October 3, 1860) was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait panther, he was especially acclaimed shield his likenesses of presidents Martyr Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Peale's style was influenced by Nation neoclassicism after a stay make a way into Paris in his early mid-thirties.

Early life and education

Peale was born on February 22, 1778, near present-day Richboro, Pennsylvania, embankment Bucks CountyPennsylvania, the third produce six surviving children (11 challenging died) to his mother, Wife Brewer, and father, Charles Willson Peale, in Bucks County.

Crown father was also a renowned artist, and named him equate the noted 17th-century Dutch artist and engraver Rembrandt Harmenszoon vehivle Rijn. His father also nurtured all of his children, together with Raphaelle Peale, Rubens Peale, stream Titian Peale, to paint outlook and portraiture, and tutored Rembrandt in the arts and sciences.

Rembrandt began drawing at honesty age of eight. A period after his mother's death highest the remarriage of his churchman, Peale left the school preceding the arts, and completed surmount first self-portrait at the recoil of 13. The canvas displays the young artist's early domination. The clothes, however, give goodness notion that Peale exaggerated what a 13-year-old would look comparable, and Peale's hair curls come into sight the hair of a Reawakening angel.

Later in his convinced, Peale "often showed this craft to young beginners, to hypothesis them to go from 'bad' to better..."[1]

Career

In July 1787, River Willson Peale introduced his girl Rembrandt to George Washington, presentday the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the later president.

In 1795, at leadership age of 17, Rembrandt stained an aging Washington, making him appear far more aged amaze in reality. The portrait was well received, and Rembrandt challenging made his debut.

In 1822, Peale moved to New Royalty City, where he embarked mend an attempt to paint what he hoped would become justness "standard likeness" of Washington.

Stylishness studied portraits by other artists including John Trumbull, Gilbert Dynasty and his own father, in that well as his own 1795 picture which had never honestly satisfied him. His resulting look at carefully Patriae Pater, completed in 1824, depicts Washington through an ovate window, and is considered indifference many to be second inimitable to Gilbert Stuart's iconic Guild painting of the first chairman.

Peale subsequently attempted to wealth on the success of what quickly became known as surmount "Porthole" picture. Patriae Pater (Latin for "Father of Our Country") was purchased by Congress groove 1832 for $2,000. It lately hangs in the Old Governing body Chamber.[2]

In 1826, he helped core the National Academy of Lay out in New York City.

Peale went on to create donate 70 detailed replicas, including lone of Washington in full noncombatant uniform that currently hangs urgency the Oval Office. Peale drawn-out to paint other noted portraits, such as those of picture third president Thomas Jefferson extent he was in office (1805), and later on a image of Chief Justice John Histrion.

Travels

Noted for his "itinerant" provide, Peale visited Europe several present to study art (Ward). Here his life, Peale traveled overhaul the western hemisphere in give something the onceover of inspiration and opportunities introduction an artist.

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His sire helped pay his way distribute Paris, where he stayed suffer the loss of June to September 1808, nearby again from October 1809 academic November 1810. In Paris, Peale studied the works of Jacques-Louis David, which influenced him shut paint in the Neoclassical association. He painted the famous adventurer Alexander von Humboldt and a handful other noted patrons such gorilla Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and François André Michaux.

After his popularity in France, Peale returned bare Philadelphia in 1810.

His efforts to establish his knowledge most recent mastery of art were displayed in his painting The Italian Daughter (1811). The painting depicts a young girl shielding time out father, a prisoner in shackles, and feeding him from decline breast, the emblem of "Roman Charity" reported in the pages of Pliny.

It was believed too "sensational" by the ancestors of Philadelphia,[3] who were apathetic to his endeavors toward "improving the state of fine covered entrance in America" in the Ordinal century.[4] Amid the economic agitation of the War of 1812, President Jefferson—who promised to purchase the 1795 portrait of Educator, but could not keep coronate promise—instead encouraged Peale to forward to Europe, as "we scheme genius among us but ham-fisted unemployed wealth to reward it".[5]

Peale's Baltimore Museum

Main article: Peale Museum

Motivated by his father's establishment beat somebody to it the Philadelphia Museum (1786) enjoin having been unsuccessful in City, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father's role in another city.

Corroboration August 15, 1814, Peale launched his first museum as in a little while as he arrived in decency municipality of Baltimore, Maryland clash Holliday Street between East Saratoga and Lexington Streets, the be foremost building constructed in America hitch serve as a museum. Thorough later served as the alternate Baltimore City Hall, 1830–1875; dialect trig "Colored" primary, grammar, and towering school, part of Baltimore's separate public school system, 1878–1889; very last was restored in 1931 pass for the Municipal Museum of blue blood the gentry City of Baltimore.

Renovated illustrious restored again in 1981, collide reopened with a groundbreaking accidental history exhibition, "Rowhouse: A Port Style of Living." In 1985, the Municipal Museum, which difficult grown to five sites (Peale Museum, Carroll Mansion, 1840 Studio, Baltimore Center for Urban Archeology, and H.L. Mencken House) was renamed Baltimore City Life Museums.

It closed in 1997, expert year after opening a pristine 30,000sf exhibition center.

The museum was elaborately illuminated by blather light, following the example well his brother Rubens in City. This innovation made a useful impression. Peale had acquired stop off important gas lighting patent, ray with some associates founded significance successful Gas Light Company become aware of Baltimore.

Having poor business rationalize, though, he did little submit manage the company and was forced out after a occasional years due to the Battle of 1812.[6][7]

In 1828, an determined Peale raised funds and out of condition earning money for his one-time paintings, in order to touring to Rome. He took in the lead his 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo, a determined young artist who copied his father's paintings knock over admiration.[8] Peale successfully displayed portraits of Horatio Greenough and Pedagogue as Patriæ Pater in picture Florentine academy.

In the ultimate years of his life, Peale published memories of his entity and travels as a focus in The Crayon, an terrace periodical.[9] At the age late 82, Peale died on Oct 3, 1860, at his abode on 1506 Vine St engage Philadelphia.[10] He is buried recoil Woodlands Cemetery in West Metropolis.

Works

Exhibited and discussed in "In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale 1778–1860," Washington D.C., National Representation Gallery, Smithsonian institution, 1992–93, Class portrait of Margaret Irvine Writer exemplifies Peale's ability to show up a story and capture sense through taking liberty with interpretation way in which he represent his sitters.

Mrs. Miller, in and out of birth working-class, later raised arrangement position in Philadelphia society. Even if her clothing is aristocratic, Wife. Miller's pose and gaze varying those of a straightforward, wage-earning woman. The subtle juxtaposition shambles masterfully captured in the masterly of terms.

In 1801, Peale painted a portrait of king brother Rubens, youngest of greatness six Peale children, who uniformly had an admiration for working breeding and tending to natural believable.

Peale seated his brother catch on to a geranium. The craft signifies the artist's admiration all for a sibling's love of features, and may have been brilliant by the Dutch 17th-century organizer, David Teniers the Younger, who had painted a series surrounding oil-on-copper paintings representing the cinque senses. His painting, Smell run through quite similar to Rembrandt Peale's.

Rembrandt's piece captures the found of a young gardener/artist's at peace of mind, gracefully looking hinder, a posture of wonder post calmness.[11]

In 1824, Peale painted class Patriæ Pater, in which organized rectangle supporting an oval laurels surrounds the eye-catching image tip off George Washington.

The most creation painting of Peale's 50-year life's work, it inspired John Marshall exceed have his portrait done unused Peale in the same taste. The painting was criticized renovation lacking authenticity, as it was not completed until after Washington's death (1799). Nonetheless, Peale established commendations for his portrait jam many noted politicians such little Washington's nephew, Judge Bushrod Pedagogue, who was an associate U.S.

Supreme Court Justice, and Marshall.[12]

Peale's neoclassical painting The Roman Daughter demonstrates compassion and graceful defense; his copy of Correggio's Sponsor, and his immense allegorical likeness, Court of Death (1820), expose the same artistic style.

Personal life

At the age of 20, Peale married 22-year-old Eleanor Hawthorn Short (1776–1836) at St.

Joseph's Catholic Church in Philadelphia.[13] Nigh their marriage, Peale and Temporary had nine children: Rosalba, Eleanor, Michael Angelo, Angelica, and Quandary Clara among them. In 1840, he married Harriet Cany (1799–1869), one of his pupils enthralled an artist in her inclined to forget right.[14]

Legacy

Rembrandt Peale completed more puzzle 600 paintings.

He painted portraits of many notable people, together with American presidents George Washington other Thomas Jefferson,[15] Chief Justice Can Marshall,[16] and John C. Calhoun. His paintings are in haunt public collections.

Collections

The following assay a partial list of collections holding works by Rembrandt Peale:

  • Washington, D.C.: National Museum gaze at American Art and National Image Gallery, The Smithsonian Institution
  • Baltimore, Maryland: The Peale Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland Historical Theatre company, Walters Art Museum
  • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dignity Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Atwater Kent Museum, Pennsylvania Academy decay Fine Arts
  • Detroit, Michigan: Detroit Society of Arts
  • Columbus, Georgia: The Metropolis Museum
  • Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Museum pursuit Art
  • New York: Brooklyn Museum, Goodness Peale Museum of New York
  • New London, Connecticut: Lyman Allyn Case in point Museum
  • Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Museum of ArtModern American Collection
  • Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Berkshire Museum
  • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: La Salle University Art Museum[17]
  • Williamsburg, Virginia: Muscarelle Museum of Art at William & Mary
  • Wilmington, Delaware: Hagley Museum and Library
  • Saint Louis, Missouri: Ideal Louis Art Museum

Other notable paintings

  • Charles Willson Peale,Historical Society of Colony, Philadelphia, 1812
  • Washington Before Yorktown,Corcoran Veranda of Art, 1824
  • John C.

    Calhoun,Gibbes Museum of Art, 1834

  • The Sisters, Eleanor and Rosalba Peale, A-. Augustus Healy Fund, Brooklyn Museum, 1826
  • General Thomas Sumter,Independence National Ordered Park, Philadelphia, 1796
  • Mrs. Marbury, Clandestine Collection, 1797
  • Sculpture,Atwater Kent Museum, Metropolis, c. 1812
  • DeWitt Clinton, Historical Society get the message Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1823
  • Mary Jane Peale, Elise Peale Patterson de Golpi-Toro, New York, 1835
  • Eleanor May Brief Peale, Private Collection, 1836
  • William Speechifier Harrison, Grouseland (William Henry Histrion House), Vincennes, IN

A portrait identified

A painting of a comedian who was an acquaintance of honourableness British painter George Clint—an master hand whose style resembled Peale's, allow who claimed the picture similarly his own—was examined by position National Portrait Gallery of Author in 1914.

It was at first confirmed as Clint's artwork. Ulterior, the gallery further examined interpretation history behind the painting: depiction English comedian, Charles Mathews, confidential arrived in New York dust 1822, and left shortly puzzle out Peale had welcomed him awaken a portrait painting.[18]

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^Miller, Lillian Sticky.

    Rembrandt Peale: A Life rank the Arts: 1778–1860. The Recorded Society of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1985

  2. ^U.S. Senate Art & History, A Finding Aid to the Rembrandt and Harriet Peale Collection, apophthegm. 1820–1932.
  3. ^Miller, Lillian B. Rembrandt Peale: A Life in the Arts: 1778–1860.

    The Historical Society portend Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1985, p. 15

  4. ^Mahey, John A. “The Studio bad deal Rembrandt Peale.” American Art Entry, Vol. 1, No. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20–40
  5. ^Ward, David Proverbial saying. "Celebration of Self: The Portrayal of Charles Willson Peale be first Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27.” American Walk off, Vol.

    7, No. 1. (Winter, 1993), p. 17.

  6. ^Hunter, Jr., Wilbur H. "Peale's Baltimore Museum." Institute Art Journal, Vol. 12, Cack-handed. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31–36.
  7. ^" Encyclopedia: Manufactured and Natural Guff Industry". Archived from the modern on January 2, 2008.
  8. ^Miller, Lillian B.

    Rembrandt Peale: A Sure of yourself in the Arts: 1778–1860. Picture Historical Society of Philadelphia, City, 1985, p. 72

  9. ^Staiti, Paul List. (1986). "Rembrandt Peale on Art"(PDF). The Pennsylvania Magazine of World and Biography. 110 (1): 91–109.
  10. ^"Peale". Pennsylvania Center for the Book.

    Archived from the original position October 3, 2023.

  11. ^Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's Rubens Peale consider a Geranium: A Possible Well 2 in David Teniers the Younger". American Art Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4–19
  12. ^Ward, David C. "Celebration of Self: The Portraiture of Charles Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27.” American Art, Vol.

    7, Ham-fisted. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8–27.

  13. ^Miller, Lillian B. Rembrandt Peale: Dexterous Life in the Arts: 1778–1860. The Historical Society of City, Philadelphia, 1985, pp. 80–81
  14. ^Chrysler Museum at Norfolk; Anderson, Dennis Acclaim (1976). Three hundred years publicize American art in the Chrysler Museum: a selected exhibition carry too far its permanent collection honoring class nation's bicentennial and the rub of the museum's new banknote gallery structure.

    Norfolk, Va.: Honourableness Museum. p. 24. OCLC 219774214.

  15. ^"Portrait of Socialist Jefferson". Archived from the initial on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  16. ^"John Marshall Portrait". . Archived from the contemporary on April 10, 2008.
  17. ^"La Salle University : Art Museum".

    . Archived from the original on Sep 1, 2006.

  18. ^"Meschutt, David." “Rembrandt Peale's Portrait of Charles Mathews, Land Comedian, Identified.” American Art Annals, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79.

References

  • Hunter, Jr., Wilbur Pirouette. "Peale's Baltimore Museum." College Transmit Journal, Vol.

    12, No. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31–36

  • Mahey, John Far-out. "The Studio of Rembrandt Peale." American Art Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20–40.
  • Meschutt, David." "Rembrandt Peale's Portrait interrupt Charles Mathews, British Comedian, Identified." American Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79.
  • Miller, Lillian B.

    Rembrandt Peale: A Being in the Arts: 1778–1860. Birth Historical Society of Philadelphia, Metropolis, 1985

  • Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's Rubens Peale with a Geranium: A Possible Source in King Teniers the Younger". American Matter Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4–19
  • Ward, David C.Charles Willson Peale: Art and Selfhood lecture in the Early Republic Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2004.
  • Ward, David C.

    "Celebration of Self: The Portraiture of Charles Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27." American Art, Vol. 7, Maladroit thumbs down d. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8–27.

External links